Similar to planets in our own solar system, exoplanets could suffer impacts over their lifetime, exciting seismic oscillations. It is postulated that the dependence of metalicity on planet mass is a result of sequential mergers of gas giants undergoing runaway accretion (Ginzburg & Chiang 2020). Recently, I showed if the directly imaged exoplanet beta Pictoris b merged with a Neptune-mass planet in the past ~4 million years, NIRCam observations from JWST should be able to detect photometric modulations in the planet's flux.
A number of stars have been observed with deep dips in the star's brightness (such as J1407, PDS 110, and VVV-WIT-07), tentatively interpreted as extended circumplanetary ring systems transiting their host stars. In order for rings to cause a transit signal, the rings must stably tilt out of the planet's orbital plane, and resist the host star's tidal force. During my PhD, I showed a spinning planet with ring self-gravity could stably tilt an extended circumplanetary disk. With Jessica Speedie, we used N-body integrations to show such tilted ring systems can remain stable over the system's lifetime, with gaps carved by local secular instabilities.
Image credit: Jessica Speedie
Buldges on top of, and tidal stresses within, rocky planet lithospheres, affect their climates and habitability. The maximum triaxiality a rocky planet can sustain limits the probability a planet has of being captured within a spin-orbit resonance, which affects whether the planet's rotation is synchronous or not. Tidal stresses acting on short-period exoplanets might also weaken the planet's lithosphere, making plate tectonics more likely.
J. J. Zanazzi, Eugene Chiang, & Yifan Zhou; Seismic Oscillations after Major Mergers in Directly-Imaged, Giant Planets, in prep
Wang J., Ruffio J., Morris E., Delorme J., Jovanovic N., Pezzato J., Echeverri D., Finnerty L., Hood C., Zanazzi J. J. et al.; Detection and Bulk Properties of the HR 8799 Planets with High-resolution Spectroscopy. 2021, AJ, 162, 148. PDF
Jessica Speedie & J. J. Zanazzi; The Stability of Extended Circumplanetary Disk and Ring Systems, with Applications to J1407b. 2020, MNRAS, 497, 1870. PDF
J. J. Zanazzi & Amaury Triaud; The Ability of Significant Tidal Stress to Initiate Plate Tectonics. 2019, Icarus, 325, 55. PDF
J. J. Zanazzi & Dong Lai; Triaxial Deformation and Asynchronous Rotation of Rocky Planets in the Habitable Zone of Low-Mass Stars. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 2879. PDF
J. J. Zanazzi & Dong Lai; Extended Transiting Disks and Rings around Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs: Theoretical Constraints. 2017, MNRAS, 464, 3945. PDF